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The wavelength of light falls between 380nm and 780nm, which is perceivable by the human eye, and is known as visible light. Each color corresponds to a specific wavelength. Light with a wavelength shorter than 380nm is termed ultraviolet light, while light with a wavelength longer than 780nm is termed infrared light.
Different colors exhibited by various objects in nature are the result of blue, green, and red light mixed in appropriate proportions through absorption or reflection and presented to the human eye. Therefore, blue, green, and red are the primary components that make up various colors. Hence, these three primary colors are referred to as the primary additive colors.
The spectral wavelengths of the primary colors are as follows:
- 435.8nm, within the range of approximately 400 to 500 nanometers, falls within the blue light spectrum.
- 546.1nm, within the range of approximately 500 to 600 nanometers, falls within the green light spectrum.
- 700nm, within the range of approximately 600 to 700 nanometers, falls within the red light spectrum.
Each of the primary colors occupies one-third of the visible light spectrum. By adding one primary color to another or to both of the other primary colors, various other colors can be obtained.
The spectra of some light sources are not composed of single wavelengths; rather, they are comprised of light with different intensities and wavelengths mixed together. The human eye perceives the color of many such composite lights as being the same as that of monochromatic light. For example, orange light can be created by mixing red and green light. Compared to orange light with a wavelength of 600nm, our eyes cannot distinguish between these two colors.
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