Machine Vision Industrial Lens | What are the aberrations of industrial lenses?

We all know that different industrial lenses have varying image quality, and aberrations are a key factor affecting image quality. When selecting an industrial lens, one of the primary considerations is aberrations. The following are the most common types of aberrations in industrial lenses:

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1. Spherical Aberration: This occurs when a monochromatic conical light beam originating from a point on the optical system's axis is refracted and fails to converge at the same point on the ideal image plane, resulting in a blurred light spot (commonly known as a blur circle). This type of aberration can lead to errors in image formation and reduced image clarity.

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2. Coma: This aberration is caused when a monochromatic conical light beam originating from a point off the optical system's axis is refracted in such a way that it does not form a clear point on the ideal image plane, but instead creates a comet-shaped blur with a bright tail.

3. Astigmatism: This occurs when a monochromatic conical light beam from an off-axis point is refracted and fails to form a sharp image point, resulting in a blurred spot. This type of aberration typically leads to blurred images, particularly in certain parts of the field of view.

4. Field Curvature: If the clear image formed by an optical system from an object on a plane perpendicular to the main optical axis is not in a flat plane, but rather on a curved surface that is symmetric with respect to the axis, this is known as field curvature. When the focus is set to be clear in the center of the image, the edges may appear blurred, and vice versa.

5. Distortion: If straight lines in the plane of the object being photographed become curved after passing through the optical system, this aberration is known as distortion. Distortion only affects the geometric shape of the image, not its clarity. This is the fundamental difference between distortion and spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and field curvature.